How to judge nephrotic syndrome?

Nephrotic syndrome is a group of syndrome characterized by a large number of proteinuria (> 3.5g / 24 hours), low plasma albumin (<30g / L), hyperlipidemia and edema. Large amounts of proteinuria and hypoproteinemia are prerequisites for diagnosis and may be associated with hematuria and / or hypertension and / or persistent renal impairment. Nephrotic syndrome is caused by a variety of glomerular diseases, divided into primary and secondary two categories. Therefore, the clinical rule to secondary to other diseases caused by secondary nephrotic syndrome (such as lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy and purpura nephritis, etc.) can be diagnosed with primary nephrotic syndrome.
Clinical symptoms
1. A large number of proteinuria ≥ 3.5g / 24 hours, more than dozens of grams / 24 hours.
2. Hypoalbuminemia: ≤ 30g / L.
3. Edema of the body, postural, depression, varying degrees.
4. Hyperlipoproteinemia.
Nursing measures
1. rest
Severe edema and high blood pressure when bed rest, generally without strict restrictions on activities, according to the appropriate arrangements for recreational activities, so that children with a happy spirit.
2. diet
To ensure that heat, protein intake control in the daily 2g / kg or so is appropriate. Significant edema or high blood pressure when limiting salt.
3. skin care
Keep the skin clean, dry, avoid abrasions and pressure, turn over time. The bedding should be soft. Buttocks and limbs can be pad on the rubber air cushion or cotton ring, conditional use of air bed. Edema of the scrotum can be covered with cotton pad or harness, skin rupture should be covered with disinfectant dressings to prevent infection.
4. Severe edema should try to avoid intramuscular injection of drugs
Due to severe edema often caused by drug retention, malabsorption or injection after the injection of porous liquid, resulting in local moisture, erosion or infection. Must be intramuscular injection, pay attention to strict disinfection, after injection time slightly longer, to prevent liquid infiltration.
5. Observation of edema changes
Mind 24 hours out of the amount of daily records of abdominal circumference, weight, weekly urine test 2 to 3 times.
6. Prevent infection

To avoid the cold, not crowded places.