First, abnormal urine output
1. Oliguria and anuria: oliguria 24-hour urine output less than 400ml or less than 17ml per hour. Anuria 24-hour urine output less than 0-100ml. Oliguria and anuria were associated with renal failure. In this case,
2. Polyuria: 24-hour urine output greater than 3000ml or more than 2ml per minute. Polyuria due to excessive intake of water, renal tubular and renal interstitial disease, increased renal drainage and the body of certain substances (such as glucose) excretion from the urine too much. In this case,
3. Nocturia: refers to the night (6:00 pm - 6:00 am the next day) urine output more than half of all day urine. Most of the renal insufficiency, heart failure in patients with some nocturia will increase, some mental factors can also cause. But only more than the number of urination and urine output does not increase, not the scope of increased nocturia. In this case,
Second, abnormal urination
1. Urine frequency, urgency, dysuria: frequency of urination that increased frequency of urination (normal daytime average urination 4-6 times, night 0-2 times). Urge refers to a urine means to urinate or just row of urine and anxious to row, often anxious and can not be controlled. Urination refers to urination when urinating produce pain or burning sensation. The coexistence of these three symptoms is a characteristic manifestation of urinary tract inflammation. In this case,
2. Urinary retention: refers to the urinary obstruction caused by urinary bladder in the bladder and can not be discharged. And more partial and complete obstruction of the urethra, some drugs and neurological diseases can also cause. In this case,
3. Urinary incontinence: refers to the urine involuntary overflow from the urethra. Can be found in the lower urinary tract anatomy or dysfunction, neurogenic bladder and so on. In this case,
Third, low back pain
1. Renal colic: a sudden onset of pain, often to the lower abdomen, vulva and medial thigh and other parts of the radiation, was intermittent severe colic. Often by the ureteral stones, blood clots or necrosis caused by obstruction. In this case,
2. Kidney dull pain and pain: urinary system diseases caused by kidney pain, including:
1) renal enlargement of renal capsule caused by, such as acute nephritis, acute pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease, kidney cancer, renal ptosis.
2) kidney disease caused by low back pain: such as renal abscess, renal infarction complicated by perirenal inflammation, renal cyst rupture and perirenal hematoma. However, many low back pain is caused by spinal and paraspinal soft tissue disease, pancreatic, gallbladder, stomach pain is also often radiating to the waist. In this case,
Experts advise that urinary protein excretion is an important indicator of the disease diagnosis, but in the clinical treatment of proteinuria should be depending on the disease may be. Some to be observed for some time, some need to do further examination, such as renal biopsy, while others must be immediately treated. If there is no clear diagnosis of the case, to find some "special proteinuria down" to drugs, will only increase the condition, causing kidney damage. In addition, some doctors lack of experience, urinary occult blood urinary tract infection in patients with urinary tract diseases and other urinary tract diseases to rule up to use a large number of antibiotics, in fact, as long as the normal urinary tract form, not gross hematuria, urinary occult blood alone without treatment. In this case,
It is noteworthy that, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are quite close, the incidence of chronic kidney disease at various stages of cardiovascular complications and mortality are much higher than the general population, a considerable number of patients with chronic kidney disease in the end At the end of the disease has died of serious cardiovascular complications. However, some patients lack of understanding of this, a single treatment of the disease, do not pay attention to changes in blood pressure, control of hypertension is not compliance, uncomfortable when the medication, feeling better on the withdrawal, eventually leading to kidney disease with cardiovascular disease. In this case,
Diabetic nephropathy is a variety of different types of diabetes mellitus with renal damage in general, is one of the main causes of diabetes. About 50% of patients with type 1 diabetes die of diabetic nephropathy caused by uremia, also is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. Early diabetic nephropathy often no discomfort, routine examination such as urine can not find protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen normal. Only the use of a more sensitive method can be found in urinary albumin excretion rate increased, more than 20ug / min or more. Further development of the course of disease into the clinical stage of the disease, urine protein positive, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen levels gradually increased, reflecting the renal function indicators of endogenous creatinine clearance rate decreased, and then develop renal insufficiency, the patient showed significant Proteinuria, high blood pressure, edema, anemia, etc., and ultimately life-threatening
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