Hematuria is caused by what the?

First, the cause classification
1. Kidney and urinary tract diseases
(1) inflammation: acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, acute and chronic pyelonephritis, acute cystitis, urethritis, urinary tract tuberculosis, fungal infections, such as urinary tract.
(2)) Stones: renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra any part of the stones, the stones move pierced when a new film that is likely to cause urinary tract hematuria, but also easy to secondary infection. Chunks of stones can cause urinary tract obstruction, and even cause kidney damage.
(3) tumors: malignant or malignant tumors adjacent organs when any part of the urinary system invading the urinary tract, can cause a hematuria occurred.
(4) trauma: refers to the violence hurt the urinary system.
(5) drug stimulation: such as sulfonamides, phenols, mercury, lead, arsenic poisoning, a large infusion of mannitol, and glycerin.
(6) congenital malformations: polycystic kidney disease, congenital thin glomerular basement membrane nephritis. Nutcracker phenomenon, vascular disease is caused by a congenital malformation, walking the line between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery of the left renal vein is squeezed, causing intractable hematuria called nutcracker phenomenon. Injected straight right renal vein and inferior vena cava, and the left renal vein injection required to wear the angle formed by the inferior vena cava on the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery, normally this angle 45 ° ~ 60 °, if this angle is too congenital or mesenteric small, fat, swollen lymph nodes, peritoneal filling can cause nutcracker phenomenon. The diagnosis by CT, B ultrasound, renal venography. Treatment should be surgical correction.

2. Systemic disease
(1) bleeding disorders: thrombocytopenia purpura, allergic purpura, hemophilia, leukemia, malignant histiocytosis, aplastic anemia.
(2) connective tissue diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis. Nodular nodosa, scleroderma.
(3) infectious disease: leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, filariasis, an infectious bacterial endocarditis, scarlet fever.
(4) cardiovascular disease: congestive heart failure, kidney embolism, renal vein thrombosis.
(5) endocrine and metabolic diseases: gout, kidney, diabetes, kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism.
3. Ying neighboring organs disease of the uterus, vagina or rectum and urinary tract tumor invasion.

Second, the machine processing
Hematuria always severe symptoms, either gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria are sick. Currently microscopic hematuria various criteria is not uniform, most scholars believe, take 10ml of fresh urine, centrifugation (1800min / L, 5min) per high power field more than three non-centrifuged urine RBC continuous vision to see 10 per hPF a red blood cell, red blood cell count or urine exceeds 500,000 per one hour, are showing an abnormal increase in red blood cells in urine, called microscopic hematuria. A healthy person is not prone to urinary red blood cells, as clinicians should bear in mind this concept. When urine containing blood can be seen 1ML gross hematuria; usually three cups test to distinguish the bleeding site, before the patient is discharged the same time urine, middle, after three glasses, if only in the first cup of urine, indicating that blood from the urethra; If blood appears only in the final, said the blood from the bladder, said terminal hematuria; cups even if hematuria hematuria said, indicating that the blood from the kidney. Urine from the kidneys, blood clots usually does not appear, unlike gross hematuria from the bladder. Three cups of urine tests to determine the bleeding site reference value, but if a large amount of bleeding or less bleeding, it is sometimes judged unreliable, clinicians should cause attention. Gross hematuria seen in stones, tumors, hemorrhagic fever, polycystic kidney disease, hemophilia. Renal trauma.